Apparatus for coking hydrocarbon oils



Dec. 27, 1927.

Original Filed Nov.26, 1924 I'm/622%: BOYJerZ'EMZJU which preferably Patented Dec. 27, 1927.

UNITED STATES 1,654,201. PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT E. WILSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AND HAROLD V. ATWELL, OF WRITING,

INDIANA, ASSIGNORS TO STANDARD OIL COMPANY, OF WHITING, INDIANA, A.

' CORPORATION OF INDIANA,

APPABATUS FOR OOKING HYDROOAEIBON OILS.

Original application filed November 26, 1924, Serial No. 752,341. Divided and this application filed January 21, 1927.

The present invention relates to improvements in apparatus for coking hydrocarbon oils, and particularly to apparatus suitable for colring heavy residues, such as those produced by the continuous distillation of petroleum oils to bottoms of 10% or less on the original crude in the case of Mid-Continent crude or to bottoms of a similar character in the case of other crudes.

The invention will be fully understood from the following description of a pre ferred form of apparatus illustrated by the accompanying drawing, in which said apparatus is shown diagrammatically in section.

Referring more particularly to the draw ing, the numeral 5 indicates a chamber has a circular cross-sec-- tlon, for example, of invertedconical form, terminating at its lower end in a substair tially cylindrical coke discharge well 16. The chamber 5 is substantially surrounded by a jacket? of refractory metal or other suitable refractory material, the jacket be- 1 ing provided with a suitable opening 8 for the supply of a heating medium, such as the direct flame or combustion gases from the burner 9. Other heating means may abviously be employed if desired; for example, lead or salt baths, mercury vapor, or the hire, or the chamber may be placed in a furnace setting of any desired form. Suitable means are also provided for the outhow of the heating medium; in the apparatus illustrated, the flue or conduit 10 is shown for this purpose.

The chamber-5 is provided with a suitable tight cover 11, a conduit 12 opening through the cover being provided for the removal of vapors and gases from the chamber 5 to any suitable collecting and condensing apparatus (not shown).

Means are provided for the supply and distribution of the heavy residue or other hydrocarbon material to be coked within the chamber 5. For example, it may be supplied through a rotatable pipe 13, closed at its lower end and provided there with a tubular projection 14 into which enters a vertical supporting rod 15 suitably supported by spiders 16 in the well 6. The 13 enters the cover 11 of the chamber i g t rough a suitable tight or packed journal the supply pipe which are rotated to secure a substantially Serial No. 16%,514.

17. Within the chamber 5 a radially extending distributing pipe 18 is secured to the rotatable supply pipe 13 and communicates therewith. The distributing pipe 18 .is provided with a discharge opening at or near its outer end, by which oil is discharged upon the inner wall of the chamber 5. The pipe 13, and with it the pipe 18, is rotated by any suitable means to effect a substantially even distribution of oil or residue within the chamber 5. All suitable scraping means 19 is secured to the projection 111 from the rotatable supply pipe 13 and rotates therewith, aiding in removing from the walls of the chamber 5 the coke deposited thereon. This coke is discharged into the well 0, from which it may be removed in any suitable manner.

It is preferred that the inner walls of the chamber 5 on which the formation of colre takes place be of refractory nickeliferous metal; that is, of nickel or a refractory metal alloy containing at least 50% of nickel, such as lilonel metal, and alloys of nickel with cobalt, chromium, iron or other metals or mixtures thereof. It has been found that such metals, and alloys, designated herein as nickeliferous metals, are peculiar in that coke deposits do not adhere thereto to any substantial extent, and the removal of coke therefrom requires but little expenditure of effort.

In the operation, the oil or residue to be coked, which may be preheated, if de sired, to increase its fluidity, is fed through 13 and distributing pipe 18,

uniform distribution of the oil over the surface of the chamber 5. The latter is heated to at least 850 F, and preferably over 900 F., sa to dull or cherry red heat. The oil is rapi ly coked, and is removed readily by the scraper 19, which rotates with the pipes 13 and 18. Vaporized products and gases pass out through the conduit 12, a vacuum being maintained, if desired, to aid in their removal. Coke, collected in the well 6, is discharged by any suitable means.

It is readily apparent that the surface upon which the residue is coked may be moved relative to a stationary distributing device instead of in the manner hereinbefore specifically set forth. It is not in in claims.

0 claim is made in this application for the method of coking oils hereinbefore described the same being described and claimed in our a plication Serial No. 752,341 filed Novem er 26, 1924, of which the present application is a division.

We claim:

1. In apparatus for destructively distilling heavy hydrocarbon oils, a closed chamber having nickeliferous metal walls, means for distributing heavy hydrocarbon oil products over said walls Within the chamber, means for heating said Walls to temperatures in excess of 900 F., means for withdrawing volatilized products from said chamber, and scraping means for removing coke deposits from the nickeliferous walls of the vchamber.

2. In apparatus for destructively distilling hydrocarbon oils, a closed chamber of circular cross section having Walls of nickeliferous metal, means for heating said walls to a temperature in excess oi 900 F., a distributing pipe for supplying heavy hydrocarbon oil products to said nickeliferous walls within the chamber, scraping ,means engaging said Walls, means for causing relative movement between said walls and said distributing and scraping means, and means for withdrawing volatilized products from said chamber.

3. In apparatus for destructively distilling hydrocarbon oils, an inverted conical chamber terminating in a depending cylindrical wall, said chamber having a cover provided with an outlet conduit, heatin means surrounding said chamber, a vertica supporting rod mounted in said cylindrical wall and extending upwardly into the chamber, an inlet pipe extendmg through the cover and rotatably supported upon said supporting rod, a distributing pipe extending from said inlet pipe to near the inner Wall of the chamber, and means for rotating'the inlet pipe and the distributing pipe Within the chamber.

4. In apparatus for destructively distilling hydrocarbon oils, an inverted conical chamber terminating in a depending cylindrical wall, said chamber having a cover provided With an outlet conduit, heating means surrounding said chamber, a vertical supporting rod mounted in said cylindrical wall and extending upwardly into the cham her, an inlet pipe extending through the cover and rota-tably supported upon said supporting rod, said inlet pipe having a tubular projection extending over and surrounding the rod for a part of its length, a distributing pipe extending from the inlet pipe to near the inner wall of the chamber and adapted to discharge oil thereon, a scraper secured to the tubular projection of the inlet pipe and engaging the inner wall of the chamber, and means for rotating the inlet pipe.

ROBERT E. WILSON. HAROLD V. ATWELL. 

